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The theodolite

Building a home Theodolite

Group:

presumption ...... JEAN PIERO SANDOVAL Www.remenber9.blogspot.com
SANDOVAL CARLOS CARRASCO ........... Www.carlosartu8.blogspot.com
Yoan LI TIRADO .............................. .... Www.yoanli2.blogspot.com

QUESTIONS

1. Trigonometry What is and what is it?

"Trigonometry (from Greek, the measurement of triangles) is a branch of mathematics that works with angles, triangles and trigonometric functions sine and cosine ." (1)
Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies relations between sides and angles of triangles. 1

"allows angular measurements surveying purposes. The altazimuth theodolite can measure both zenith and azimuth, unlike the so-called simple theodolite, which do not measure heights. " (2)

2. What are the trigonometric ratios in a right triangle? Notes its entirety.

As we know that the triangle has three sides have identified six reasons, two between each pair of these sides. Trigonometric ratios of an angle acute in a right triangle are: 2

Breast: The ratio of the leg opposite the angle and the hypotenuse.

Cosine: ratio between the leg adjacent to angle and the hypotenuse.

Tangent: The ratio of the leg opposite the angle and the adjacent leg.
Cotangent: The ratio of the leg adjacent to angle and the opposite leg. Drying
: Ratio of the hypotenuse and the leg adjacent to angle.
Cosecant: Ratio of the hypotenuse and the leg opposite the angle. " (3)

Pythagorean Theorem

"In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the legs." (4)

We can use this refusal by way of laboratory experience to introduce the Pythagorean theorem or to check compliance with their sentence. Here are two examples of using puzzles to verify that: the area of \u200b\u200bsquare on the hypotenuse equals the sum of the areas built on the legs.

Example 1:

Draw a triangle and on each side, build a square. Draw on cardboard or wood the entire template. Are cut, cardboard and dotted lines, pink and blue boxes.
The student is asked to place the pieces cut on the gray box, so that runs throughout the area.

3. How to align a theodolite?

When the theodolite is completely level must be aligned, ie oriented with respect to the cardinal points. To do this you must know the azimuth angle of a point on the horizon, either a known reference point or a cardinal point (Eg, true north is an azimuth angle of 0 ° while 180 ° South). More information on how to define a reference point on the horizon can be found in paragraph 2.2 in this manual.
align the theodolite is oriented with respect to the cardinal points. The angle of 0 ° in the horizontal drive of the theodolite should be directed to the north, 90 ° to the east, the 180 ° to the south and 270 ° west.

Once you know the azimuth angle of a reference point that should be fixed on the theodolite. This is done by following these steps.

Loosen the screw type key

Loosen the fine adjustment to the azimuth angle.

Make the vernier points exactly in the azimuth angle of the reference point. Set

fine adjustment screw for the azimuth angle. Aim

the theodolite to the point of reference.

Propeller Adjusting the key. Locate

the benchmark again.

Set the azimuth angle accurately.

4. How is reading a theodolite?

"Reading is performed by an eye that is to the side of the telescope. Read theodolite means reading the azimuth angle and vertical angle. When a balloon is rising, should be considered prior to reading the balloon is well located with the theodolite at the time of reading and not to move the theodolite during it. Keep the theodolite still plenty of time in measuring angles may result in loss of the globe, so it is recommended to do some speed readings. It is important to keep calm and that the observer and the person responsible for the data point to further worry the globe. If the balloon disappears from the observer's visual field, you can use a wider field of view like the look to find the balloon. " (5)

5. To calculate the height of an antenna without having to measure it directly, what mathematical foundations should consider?

"To calculate the height of an antenna without having to directly measure we use trigonometric ratios. To find the height, H, antenna measured the distance from the observation point at the base of the antenna, D, and the angle θ (theta). The ratio between the height H and the distance D is equal to the tangent of θ (H / D = tan θ). To calculate H is multiplied the tangent of θ by the distance D (H = Dtgθ). The angle can be measured with some accuracy using a protractor and a plumb line (made with a pencil on a string). Holding the plumb line in the source of the conveyor and points to the base of it to the tip of the antenna. The sought angle is 90 ° less formed by the plumb line. " (6)

6. To build a building is it necessary to use a theodolite? Fundamenta.

" If you must use a theodolite for construction of a building, and thanks the theodolite can see the survey and inspect the land to establish property boundaries, for which use this important tool. " (7)

7. What should be the maintenance of a theodolite?

" It is necessary to remove dust with a soft brush and can be found drops of water and moisture that are separated with a cotton cloth. After a long time to work it needs oiling precision parts such as axles micrometer screws, and for this, we use a special thin oil. It is also necessary to clean external lens, because they tend to be foggy, be cleaned with a cotton cloth before dusting with a soft brush. " (8)

8." theodolite measurements are accurate? Fundamenta

"Precision : is important when comparing different computers, the difference between Screen resolution and precision, it turns out that most stations display a second display resolution, but accuracy can be certified 3 to 9 seconds, is what makes the difference between a model and another from the same series, such as September is 510 5 seconds and is Set310 3. " (9)