1:
Symmer The hypothesis says that electricity "too tenuous supports two fluids: one positive or vitreous, and the other negative or resinous, antagonistic, properties neutralize the combined. "Clearly, this guy is referring to the positive and negative charge of electricity, which as you said has antagonistic properties. It also says that when combined are neutralized, and indeed the positive charge is attracted to the negative and as another positive repels. The same goes for the refusal.
says the vitreous and resinous parts due to an experiment whereby he learned all the loads of electricity. It was a rod was loaded vidreo electrically (positive) when rubbed with a silk cloth. Instead of sealing bar or a piece of amber, when rubbed with a woolen cloth, is charged in opposite (negative).
2:
The discharge tube Thomson works in a way that managed to deflect the cathode rays. Extracted the maximum amount of gas from a cathode ray tube. Thus inside a huge void that would affect the cathode rays deflected by the electric and magnetic fields. Without the gas would not conduct electricity.
also found that the rays consisted of negatively charged corpuscles jets, possibly electrons. The deviations mentioned by formulas were reproduced very well if the burden of these particles was huge and its mass much lighter than the lightest atom, the hydrogen.
3:
The Thomson model of atom was well. said it was a cake. The atom is composed of electrons (negatively charged) in a positive atom. It was not a viable model for further investigations because this way it was an unstable atom and all matter would have disappeared shortly after being created.
4:
Albert Michelson became famous because it showed that the ether did not exist and that the speed of light in a vacuum was constant, which served as support for the theory of relativity of Einstein. The ether is a hypothetical substance thought to be extremely light that filled all the empty spaces as the fluid. About their existence does not know what to say because there are many hypotheses.
5:
In Bohr model is the explanation of how the electrons circling the nucleus. X-rays ionized the oil droplets, and electrified X-rays to a specific number of molecules of oil and drop all of it acquired an electric charge multiple of the electron charge. All blood subjected to an electric field, were attracted by the positive electrode and repelled by the negative, because experienced a force proportional to the electric field strength multiplied by the electric charge.
6:
Millikan's experiment was to calculate the load that had an electron.
The experiment consisted of a spray to spray a layer of oil drops, which fell in the upper layer that had been placed. Some of them fell through a hole that was located in the center of the layer was the bottom layer and thus could determine the speed while falling. When the drops between the two layers were used with X-rays that have negatively charged droplets and the tension between the two plates with X-rays that the rate increase has of the drops fell. He also noted that at greatly increase the tension, the drops began to climb back into the top plate and verified that the field strength is applied will be the same as the strength of the applied fields, such as Millikan knew the mass drop, the acceleration of gravity and the applied electric field was found that the charges of the drops were different from each other.
7:
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons having the material when illuminated with electromagnetic radiation.
An example would be the incandescent lamp.
8:
I think it's very interesting that scientists spend time in other countries, because it serves to expand the knowledge they have acquired, they can compare their investigations because they may contain errors, and to have more materials on draw conclusions that it is easier to solve.
9:
I think it's very positive read popular science books, because apart from learning more and better documented on the topics that interest you and discover it's good because if you really like science or not.
10:
My model is a plate of salad because you can see the food is easily formed by electrons as they are repelling. 
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